1. Dev C Programming Structure Examples
2. Dev C Programming Structure Pointers

• You have several errors in your code: You need &buf, with a single 'f'.; You need to say e.g. Buf.stdev when printing, since stdev is a field in the struct variable. Since buf is a local variable on the stack, you're not 'saving the values to memory' permanently, it's just as long as that variable is in-scope. This is how you return multiple values, typically, in C and C.
• Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated execution paths. A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. Given below is the general form of a loop statement in most of the programming.
• C is nearly a superset of C language (There are few programs that may compile in C, but not in C). Beginning with C programming: Structure of a C program After the above discussion, we can formally assess the structure of a C program. By structure, it is meant that any program can be written in this structure only.
• C programming language assumes any non-zero and non-null values as true, and if it is either zero or null, then it is assumed as false value. Flow Diagram Example.

In this program, user is asked to enter the name, age and salary of a Person inside main function. Then, the structure variable p is to passed to a function using. DisplayData(p); The return type of displayData is void and a single argument of type structure Person is passed. Then the members of structure p is displayed from this function. The structure definition is only the blueprint for the creating of variables. You can imagine it as a datatype. When you define an integer as below: int foo; The int specifies that, variable foo can hold integer element only. Similarly, structure definition only specifies that, what property a structure variable holds when it is defined. Note: The value of all members of a structure variable can be assigned to another structure using assignment operator = if both structure variables are of same type. You don't need to manually assign each members. Then the structure variable p is passed to displayData function, which displays the information.

• C Programming Tutorial
• C Programming useful Resources

• Selected Reading

Before we study the basic building blocks of the C programming language, let us look at a bare minimum C program structure so that we can take it as a reference in the upcoming chapters.

Hello World Example

A C program basically consists of the following parts −

Dev C Programming Structure Examples

• Preprocessor Commands
• Functions
• Variables
• Statements & Expressions
• Comments

Let us look at a simple code that would print the words 'Hello World' −

Let us take a look at the various parts of the above program −

• The first line of the program #include <stdio.h> is a preprocessor command, which tells a C compiler to include stdio.h file before going to actual compilation.

• The next line int main() is the main function where the program execution begins.

• The next line /*..*/ will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program. So such lines are called comments in the program.

• The next line printf(..) is another function available in C which causes the message 'Hello, World!' to be displayed on the screen.

• The next line return 0; terminates the main() function and returns the value 0.

Compile and Execute C Program

Let us see how to save the source code in a file, and how to compile and run it. Following are the simple steps −

• Open a text editor and add the above-mentioned code.

• Save the file as hello.c

• Open a command prompt and go to the directory where you have saved the file.

• Type gcc hello.c and press enter to compile your code.

• If there are no errors in your code, the command prompt will take you to the next line and would generate a.out executable file.

• Now, type a.out to execute your program.

• You will see the output 'Hello World' printed on the screen.

Make sure the gcc compiler is in your path and that you are running it in the directory containing the source file hello.c.

C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973. It was mainly developed as a system programming language to write operating system. The main features of C language include low-level access to memory, simple set of keywords, and clean style, these features make C language suitable for system programming like operating system or compiler development.
Many later languages have borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from C language. Like syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript and many other languages is mainly based on C language. C++ is nearly a superset of C language (There are few programs that may compile in C, but not in C++).

Beginning with C programming:

Dev C Programming Structure Pointers

1. Structure of a C program
   After the above discussion, we can formally assess the structure of a C program. By structure, it is meant that any program can be written in this structure only. Writing a C program in any other structure will hence lead to a Compilation Error.
   

   The structure of a C program is as follows:

   The components of the above structure are:

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   1. Header Files Inclusion: The first and foremost component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C program.
      A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files.
      

      Some of C Header files:

      • stddef.h – Defines several useful types and macros.
      • stdint.h – Defines exact width integer types.
      • stdio.h – Defines core input and output functions
      • stdlib.h – Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random network generator, memory allocation
      • string.h – Defines string handling functions
      • math.h – Defines common mathematical functions

      Syntax to include a header file in C:

   2. Main Method Declaration: The next part of a C program is to declare the main() function. The syntax to declare the main function is:

      Syntax to Declare main method:

   3. Variable Declaration: The next part of any C program is the variable declaration. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the function. Please note that in C program, no variable can be used without being declared. Also in a C program, the variables are to be declared before any operation in the function.

      Example:

   4. Body: Body of a function in C program, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It can be anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, printing, etc.

      Example:

   5. Return Statement: The last part in any C program is the return statement. The return statement refers to the returning of the values from a function. This return statement and return value depend upon the return-type of the function. For example, if the return type is void, then there will be no return statement. In any other case, there will be a return statement and the return value will be of the type of the specified return-type.

      Example:

2. Writing first program:
   Following is first program in C

   intmain(void) printf('GeeksQuiz'); }

   Let us analyze the program line by line.
   Line 1: [ #include ] In a C program, all lines that start with # are processed by preprocessor which is a program invoked by the compiler. In a very basic term, preprocessor takes a C program and produces another C program. The produced program has no lines starting with #, all such lines are processed by the preprocessor. In the above example, preprocessor copies the preprocessed code of stdio.h to our file. The .h files are called header files in C. These header files generally contain declaration of functions. We need stdio.h for the function printf() used in the program.

   
   

   Line 2 [ int main(void) ] There must to be starting point from where execution of compiled C program begins. In C, the execution typically begins with first line of main(). The void written in brackets indicates that the main doesn’t take any parameter (See this for more details). main() can be written to take parameters also. We will be covering that in future posts.
   The int written before main indicates return type of main(). The value returned by main indicates status of program termination. See this post for more details on return type.

   Line 3 and 6: [ { and } ] In C language, a pair of curly brackets define a scope and mainly used in functions and control statements like if, else, loops. All functions must start and end with curly brackets.

   Line 4 [ printf(“GeeksQuiz”); ]printf() is a standard library function to print something on standard output. The semicolon at the end of printf indicates line termination. In C, semicolon is always used to indicate end of statement.

   Line 5 [ return 0; ] The return statement returns the value from main(). The returned value may be used by operating system to know termination status of your program. The value 0 typically means successful termination.

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3. How to excecute the above program:
   Inorder to execute the above program, we need to have a compiler to compile and run our programs. There are certain online compilers like https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/ or http://codepad.org/ that can be used to start C without installing a compiler.
   

   Windows: There are many compilers available freely for compilation of C programs like Code Blocks and Dev-CPP. We strongly recommend Code Blocks.

   Linux: For Linux, gcc comes bundled with the linux, Code Blocks can also be used with Linux.

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